Make Temporary Shelter Anywhere with Tarpaulin

When venturing into the wilderness without a tent or established shelter, a tarpaulin can be your ultimate emergency gear. More commonly known as just a Tarpaulin, these waterproof sheets of fabric are extremely lightweight yet durable enough to withstand rain, wind, and other elements while providing refuge. Selecting the proper material is an important first step for making temporary shelter anywhere effective.

Choosing the Right Tarpaulin Material

There are a few main types of tarpaulin materials to consider:

Plastic

The thinnest option is low-cost but tear-resistant. Best choice for temporary rain shelters that won't see harsh weather.

Vinyl

More durable than plastic and often tougher, transparent PVC tarps are waterproof and last longer than plastic.

Polyester

Strong, breathable material that resists mildew and is lightweight for backpacking. More expensive than vinyl or plastic.

Nylon

The highest quality tarps are made from ripstop nylon fabric. Most weather-resistant option, but also the heaviest and most expensive. Best for frequent use and harsh conditions.

Setting Up a Basic Lean-To Shelter

The most fundamental tarp shelter design is the lean-to, which provides coverage from overhead rain or sun while exposing one side. To set it up:

Dry Area

Select a flat, dry area protected from wind if possible, near trees or boulders you can anchor guylines to.

Lay Out the Tarp

Lay out the Clear Tarpaulin with the long edge closest to the anchor point, then use pegs or stakes along this edge to secure it firmly to the ground.

Ridge Line

Create a ridge line for support by tying a rope or webbing between two trees or stakes above head height at a slight angle.

Necessary Emergency Shelter Items

A tarpaulin alone will not suffice for a proper emergency shelter. A few key items are mandatory to effectively set up a temporary shelter using just a tarp:

Rope/cord

Essential for securely fastening down the edges of the tarp and creating tension points like a ridge line. 10-20 feet is sufficient for most uses. Nylon paracord is lightweight and durable.

Pegs/stakes

To anchor the tarp to the ground and prevent movement in windy conditions. Metal tent stakes between 6-12 inches in length work well for most soils.

Duct tape

A small roll of duct tape packed in a ziplock bag can patch tears in the tarpaulin material or seal seams. It is one of the most versatile backcountry repair tools.

Survival blanket

These lightweight foil blankets retain up to 90% of radiated body heat. Laying one under or inside the shelter provides an extra layer of insulation from the ground.

Dry clothes and rain gear

Changes of dry layering pieces and a waterproof outer layer like a poncho or rain jacket are crucial for staying comfortable inside the temporary shelter.